A View of Prejudice as Described in Lorraine Hansberry’s Play, A Raisin In The Sun

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Reflection paper - Essay Example At the point when an individual hears a disagreeable joke, it helps the individual from avoiding centering at their concern. Exclusively, I have at a few occasions made jokes that put down others with a point of fortifying my self image. To help in legitimizing my fat body that is ridiculed at different social events, I continually alluded the slender individuals as thin and at different occasions referencing the negative ramifications of having a thin body. The joke would yield fun and as result help me to abstain from concentrating on my fat nature helping me to have significant serenity. It is anyway improper to make jokes that put down others. For instance, consider a joke that radiates from a racial association. The joke may yield animosity against people from various races and on the off chance that it is done in a working spot work relations among individuals from various races will get crushed (McGhee). Subsequently, it isn't from each individual understanding that the jokes putting an individual down is only a joke as some may see the joke as

Tips for Writing Paper Online

Tips for Writing Paper OnlineWriting paper online has some benefits that can help you improve your grades. Students who take advantage of this opportunity can use it to improve their grades, and for that matter, their grade point average. You should consider the fact that there are many students who spend a lot of time working at their desks during the day. However, they do not have access to the type of technology available to them on the Internet.If you have never tried writing paper online before, you may be wondering how you should begin. There are many different ways that you can approach the task. Some students will require more help than others. The key is to keep a sense of humor, and try to write a good piece of work.There are several things that you can do to make writing paper online more enjoyable. It may take you some time to get to know the process, but eventually you will find that you are writing many good papers. The first thing that you should do is to identify a pl ace where you can get access to a software program that will allow you to customize the paper as you go along. In addition, you can set the types of formatting that you want.Once you get used to writing paper online, you can move on to some other tips that you can use to make it more fun. The easiest way to start this process is to write about topics that you enjoy or read about. For example, if you like cooking, then you can turn to the kitchen recipes that you read about in various magazines.You can also include pictures and images in your writing. It is not that difficult to use the computer to help you do this, and there are many different websites that will allow you to upload a photo. This can be a great way to add something interesting to your paper.The best way to learn how to write well is to see what is on the front of your class schedule. If you find that there are lots of items that are difficult to understand, then you need to spend some time with your student in order to clarify these issues. Sometimes the most complicated topics are ones that teachers prefer to discuss over lunch, so you may have to learn a few things before you can begin writing your paper. However, it is very easy to find the answers once you have made yourself familiar with the topic.One final tip that you should use when you are learning how to write paper online is to find a resource where you can put in your notes from one class. If you are taking statistics, you should take notes about that subject throughout the semester. Likewise, if you are taking a finance course, you should make notes about your course material. You can put all of these in one easy-to-use resource, and it will give you a great way to learn about the subject.These are some of the things that you can do to help you learn how to write paper online. It is a wonderful way to be creative while still managing to complete your assignment. For that reason, you should think about this option before you forget about it.

Brief Biography of Sharpshooter Annie Oakley

Blessed with a natural talent for sharp-shooting, Annie Oakley proved herself dominant in a sport that was long considered a mans domain. Oakley was a gifted entertainer as well; her performances with Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show brought international fame, making her one of the most celebrated female performers of her time. Annie Oakleys unique and adventurous life has inspired numerous books and films as well as a popular musical. Annie Oakley was born Phoebe Ann Moses on August 13, 1860 in rural Darke County, Ohio, the fifth daughter of Jacob and Susan Moses. The Moses family had moved to Ohio from Pennsylvania after their business—a small inn—had burned to the ground in 1855. The family lived in a one-room log cabin, surviving on game they caught and crops they grew. Another daughter and a son were born after Phoebe. Annie, as Phoebe was called, was a tomboy who preferred spending time outdoors with her father over household chores and playing with dolls. When Annie was only five, her father died of pneumonia after being caught in a blizzard. Susan Moses struggled to keep her family fed. Annie supplemented their food supply with squirrels and birds that she trapped. At the age of eight, Annie began sneaking out with her fathers old rifle to practice shooting in the woods. She quickly became skilled at killing prey with one shot. By the time Annie was ten, her mother could no longer support the children. Some were sent to neighbors farms; Annie was sent to work at the county poor house. Soon afterward, a family hired her as live-in help in exchange for wages as well as room and board. But the family, who Annie later described as wolves, treated Annie as a slave. They refused to pay her wages and beat her, leaving scars on her back for life. After nearly two years, Annie was able to escape to the nearest train station. A generous stranger paid her train fare home. Annie was reunited with her mother, but only briefly. Because of her dire financial situation, Susan Moses was forced to send Annie back to the county poor house. Making a Living Annie worked at the county poor house for three more years; she then returned to her mothers home at the age of 15. Annie could now resume her favorite pastime—hunting. Some of the game she shot was used to feed her family, but the surplus was sold to general stores and restaurants. Many customers specifically requested Annie’s game because she shot so cleanly (through the head), which eliminated the problem of having to clean buckshot out of the meat. With money coming in regularly, Annie helped her mother pay off the mortgage on their house. For the rest of her life, Annie Oakley made her living with a gun. By the 1870s, target shooting had become a popular sport in the United States. Spectators attended competitions in which shooters fired at live birds, glass balls, or clay disks. Trick shooting, also popular, was usually performed in theaters and involved the risky practice of shooting items out of a colleagues hand or off the top of their head. In rural areas such as where Annie lived, game-shooting competitions were a common form of entertainment. Annie participated in some local turkey shoots but was eventually banned because she always won. Annie entered a pigeon-shooting match in 1881 against a single opponent, unaware that soon her life would change forever. Butler and Oakley Annies opponent in the match was Frank Butler, a sharp-shooter in the circus. He made the 80-mile trek from Cincinnati to rural Greenville, Ohio in the hopes of winning the $100 prize. Frank had been told only that he would be up against a local crack shot. Assuming that his competitor would be a farm boy, Frank was shocked to see the petite, attractive 20-year old Annie Moses. He was even more surprised that she beat him in the match. Frank, ten years older than Annie, was captivated by the quiet young woman. He returned to his tour and the two corresponded by mail for several months. They were married sometime in 1882, but the exact date has never been verified. Once married, Annie traveled with Frank on tour. One evening, Franks partner became ill and Annie took over for him at an indoor theater shoot. The audience loved watching the five-foot-tall woman who easily and expertly handled a heavy rifle. Annie and Frank became partners on the touring circuit, billed as Butler and Oakley. It is not known why Annie picked the name Oakley; possibly it came from the name of a neighborhood in Cincinnati. Annie Meets Sitting Bull Following a performance in St. Paul, Minnesota in March 1894, Annie met Sitting Bull who had been in the audience. The Lakota Sioux Indian chief was infamous as the warrior who had led his men into battle at Little Bighorn at Custers Last Stand in 1876. Although officially a prisoner of the U.S. government, Sitting Bull was allowed to travel and make appearances for money. Once reviled as a savage, he had become the object of fascination. Sitting Bull was impressed by Annies shooting skills, which included shooting the cork off a bottle and hitting the cigar her husband held in his mouth. When the chief met Annie, he reportedly asked if he could adopt her as his daughter. The adoption was not official, but the two became lifelong friends. It was Sitting Bull who bestowed upon Annie the Lakota name Watanya Cicilia, or Little Sure Shot. Buffalo Bill Cody and The Wild West Show In December 1884, Annie and Frank traveled with the circus to New Orleans. An unusually rainy winter forced the circus to close down until summer, leaving Annie and Frank in need of jobs. They approached Buffalo Bill Cody, whose Wild West Show (a combination of rodeo acts and western skits) was also in town. At first, Cody turned them down because he already had several shooting acts and most of them were more famous than Oakley and Butler. In March of 1885, Cody decided to give Annie a chance after his star shooter, world champion Adam Bogardus, quit the show. Cody would hire Annie on a trial basis following an audition in Louisville, Kentucky. Codys business manager arrived early at the park where Annie was practicing prior to the audition. He watched her from afar and was so impressed, he signed her on even before Cody showed up. Annie soon became a featured performer in a solo act. Frank, well aware that Annie was the star in the family, stepped aside and took on a managerial role in her career. Annie dazzled the audience, shooting with speed and precision at moving targets, often while riding a horse. For one of her most impressive stunts, Annie fired backward over her shoulder, using only a table knife to view the reflection of her target. In what became a trademark move, Annie skipped offstage at the end of each performance, ending with a little kick in the air. In 1885, Annies friend Sitting Bull joined the Wild West Show. He would stay one year. The Wild West Tours England In spring of 1887, the Wild West performers—along with horses, buffalo, and elk—set sail for London, England to participate in the celebration of Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee (the fiftieth anniversary of her coronation). The show was immensely popular, prompting even the reclusive queen to attend a special performance. Over a six-month period, the Wild West Show drew more than 2.5 million people to the London appearance alone; thousands more attended in cities outside of London. Annie was adored by the British public, who found her modest demeanor charming. She was showered with gifts—and even proposals—and was the guest of honor at parties and balls. True to her homespun values, Annie refused to wear ball gowns, preferring instead her homemade dresses. Leaving the Show In the meantime, Annies relationship with Cody was becoming increasingly strained, in part because Cody had hired Lillian Smith, a teenaged female sharpshooter. Without giving any explanation, Frank and Annie quit the Wild West Show and returned to New York in December 1887. Annie made a living by competing in shooting competitions, then later joined a newly-formed wild west show, the Pawnee Bill Show. The show was a scaled-down version of Codys show, but Frank and Annie werent happy there. They negotiated a deal with Cody to return to the Wild West Show, which no longer included Annies rival Lillian Smith. Cody’s show returned to Europe in 1889, this time for a three-year tour of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. During this trip, Annie was troubled by the poverty she saw in each country. It was the beginning of her lifelong commitment to donating money to charities and orphanages. Settling Down After years of living out of trunks, Frank and Annie were ready to settle down in a real home during the shows off-season (November through mid-March). They built a house in Nutley, New Jersey and moved into it in December 1893. The couple never had children, but it is unknown whether or not this was by choice. During the winter months, Frank and Annie took vacations in the southern states, where they usually did a lot of hunting. In 1894 Annie was invited by inventor Thomas Edison of nearby West Orange, New Jersey, to be filmed on his new invention, the kinetoscope (a forerunner of the movie camera). The brief film shows Annie Oakley expertly shooting out glass balls mounted on a board, then hitting coins thrown up in the air by her husband. In October 1901, as the Wild West train cars traveled through rural Virginia, troupe members were awakened by a sudden, violent crash. Their train had been hit head-on by another train. Miraculously, none of the people were killed, but about 100 of the shows horses died on impact. Annies hair turned white following the accident, reportedly from the shock. Annie and Frank decided it was time to leave the show. Scandal for Annie Oakley Annie and Frank found work after leaving the Wild West show. Annie, sporting a brown wig to cover her white hair, starred in a play written just for her. The Western Girl played in New Jersey and was well-received but never made it to Broadway. Frank became a salesman for an ammunition company. They were content in their new lives. Everything changed on August 11, 1903, when the Chicago Examiner printed a scandalous story about Annie. According to the story, Annie Oakley had been arrested for stealing to support a cocaine habit. Within days, the story had spread to other newspapers around the country. It was, in fact, a case of mistaken identity. The woman arrested was a performer who had gone by the stage name Any Oakley in a burlesque Wild West show. Anyone familiar with the real Annie Oakley knew that the stories were false, but Annie couldnt let it go. Her reputation had been tarnished. Annie demanded that each and every newspaper print a retraction; some of them did. But that wasnt enough. For the next six years, Annie testified at one trial after another as she sued 55 newspapers for libel. In the end, she won about $800,000, less than she had paid in legal expenses. The entire experience aged Annie greatly, but she felt vindicated. Final Years Annie and Frank kept busy, traveling together to advertise for Franks employer, a cartridge company. Annie participated in exhibitions and shooting tournaments and received offers to join several western shows. She re-entered show business in 1911, joining the Young Buffalo Wild West Show. Even in her 50s, Annie could still draw a crowd. She finally retired from show business for good in 1913. Annie and Frank bought a house in Maryland and spent winters in Pinehurst, North Carolina, where Annie gave free shooting lessons to local women. She also donated her time to raising funds for various charities and hospitals. In November 1922, Annie and Frank were involved in a car accident in which the car flipped over, landing on Annie and fracturing her hip and ankle. She never fully recovered from her injuries, which compelled her to use a cane and a leg brace. In 1924, Annie was diagnosed with pernicious anemia and became increasingly weak and frail. She died on November 3, 1926, at the age of 66. Some have suggested that Annie died from lead poisoning after years of handling lead bullets. Frank Butler, who had also been in poor health, died 18 days later.

The Debate Over Stem Cell Research - 1685 Words

While the use of stem cells can offer a lot to the scientific community, the derivation of stem cells from embryos is ethically unacceptable; and the use of stem cells in humans should be completely prohibited. Since the first research on embryo stem cells in 1998 on mice the controversy has been relentless (Timeline), and even now, scientists have made great strides in waning off of embryonic stem cells and instead using induced pluripotent stem cells from adults, however these have their issues as well. Whatever the benefits may be, using stem cells to propagate differentiated human cells, tissues, or organs should be prohibited. The government has been addressing this issue since the arise of stem cell research. There are many†¦show more content†¦The two big issues that arise with this research is the way the stem cells are acquired, and what researchers do with the information gathered once it is acquired. According to an article by The Center for Bioethics Human Dign ity called â€Å"An Overview of Stem Cell Research†, â€Å"Human embryonic stem cells are the cells from which all 200+ kinds of tissue in the human body originate. Typically, they are derived from human embryos-often those from fertility clinics who are left over from assisted reproduction attempts. When stem cells are obtained from living human embryos, the harvesting of such cells necessitates destruction of the embryos.†(An Overview of Stem Cell Research). So basically, to acquire these stem cells which have the benefits of improving others lives, you must take away a potential life. The same article by explorable.com says â€Å"A life is a life and that should never be compromised. A fertilized egg should be valued as a human life even if it is in its very first weeks. Destroying human life in the hopes of saving human life is not ethical.†(explorable.com). The main problem with embryonic stem cell use is the ethical issues that come with it. But, one who t akes embryonic stem cells into their body must be on medicine to prevent rejection for the rest of their life, which can be extremely cost. Moving on, the not-so-unethical alternatives also have their plentiful of issues. According to John Hopkins medicine, in 2007 US

Freedmans Bureau Essay Example For Students

Freedmans Bureau Essay The Freedmans BureauThe Freedmans Bureau was set up after the Civil War even though it went against three main traditional values of the time. The first being limited government, which mean that the government could and could not do certain things. It also was the basis for the idea of the governments power being limited. The second was sanctity of private property. At this time you made your own money to buy land and it was your land that no one could take away from you. The government did not give handouts. The last was self-help, which meant that if you had problems, and then you and only you solved them. It also made the people question welfare, unemployment, and government aid, and their simple solution was not to have it. The bureau however had its success and failures contrary to these fundamental ideas. One of the main successes was the education program that the bureau set up. By 1870 there were over 150,000 African Americans enrolled in these schools. Many of the schools set up still stand and educate many today even. Three of the main failures of the bureau came about because of the hatred in the south, and the anti-black attitude. The first being the land that was supposed to be given to the freed men after the civil war, never happened because the land was given back to the plantation owners. The second was the labor contracts, they began as a good idea, but the contracts were often unfair. They were set up to determine wages, clothing, and medical care, often it was made to be worse than slavery was. The final unsuccessful part was the judicial system of the bureau. Over time it became rather unfair and was the main cause for the labor contracts to be so harsh. The other blame of the failure c an be linked to the attitude of southerners. The southerners did not see blacks as equals. They would fight to the end to keep the blacks lower than them. The measures they took could sometimes be as extreme as burning down their houses if they went to school, or public lynching on the town square. This brought about one of the main hatred groups of that time that has lasted throughout our history. The Klu Klux Klan. The Freedmans bureau however was the basis for a modern government with equal rights to all the citizens and not just the white males.

The car ride free essay sample

My family has always gone on vacation. We have traveled everywhere across the spacious USA! I can still remember the shimmering cool water of the Florida Springs, and the Rocky Mountains looming over the wild plains of Kansas like giants. The places I have seen and experienced are endless. Thanks mom and dad, but throughout these incredible ventures, one miniscule detail always sticks out like a sore thumb; the car ride! Don’t get me wrong, I love going on vacation! I revel in the adventures new places bring. It’s just that being stuck in a minivan with five other people and a dog for hours and hours can be quite excruciating. Finally, with everything ready to go, we’re off, right? Wrong! We always end up turning right back to get my little sister’s stuffed animal or make sure all the lights are on timers and the oven is off! Then my mother’s dreaded statement, â€Å"I hope everyone has gone to the bathroom, because we won’t be stopping for a couple hours!† Of course, my brother in the back of the van is the one who has to go. We will write a custom essay sample on The car ride or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Climbing right over me, he disturbs the precarious comfortable position I am already in. Restoring my lost territory, we set out again! With everyone excited about the trip, the car ride is peaceful for a few hours. Cramped and hungry, lunch time arrives bringing on a new wave of tension! The silence is shattered with roaring voices, â€Å"How much did he get? Mom!!! Grant is picking all the MM’s out of the trail mix!† After lunch, time inches by at a snail’s pace, interwoven with the famous cries of â€Å"How much longer? Are we there yet?† Then, with just an hour to go, almost there, out come the final bathroom calls†¦ Ok. I will admit it; I may have exaggerated the car ride a bit! In spite of car rides being painfully long and tedious, they have subtly awakened auspicious characteristics into my life. I have learned a great deal of patience, with others and with myself. I’m becoming more successful at stopping myself before I go into a huge tirade that would hurt both parties. â€Å"Breathe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tell myself. Knowing that my emotions often cloud my thinking, I try to detach and look at both sides of the situation. When I do this, I find I am able to discuss the issue in a more productive way. A compromise keeps both parties from wasting time and energy, and prevents the extreme resentment of a win-lose ending. Wow!! Who would have ever thought I could gain so many life lessons from those family car rides? As I look back, I realize how important they were in shaping who I am today. Every experience in my life, whether large or small, is there for a reason, bringing something new and challenging for me to learn. I can’t wait for my next family vacation with the lessons and adventures it brings.

Comparing the Teachings of Jesus and Mohammed

Comparing the Teachings of Jesus and Mohammed Free Online Research Papers Although Christians who follow the teachings of Jesus, and the Muslims who follow the teachings of Mohammed, may represent the same God, they are decidedly different when it comes to the way that they worship. The birth and death of both Jesus and Mohammed has shaped the nature of each religion today. Their lives have brought millions of people together in the belief and faith in one true God but they still have different beliefs and practices. Christians are redeemed through God’s grace and Jesus Christ and the Muslims adhere to laws and rites. Both the Christians who follow the teachings of Jesus and the Muslims who follow the teachings of Mohammed believe in the very same God. And both Jesus and Mohammed started from poor, quiet, ordinary beginnings. It is there however that the similarities end and the differences begin. The life of Jesus began in the city of Bethlehem around four BC. He was born as the incarnate Son of God and divinely conceived to the virgin, Mary. Mary was wed to Joseph, a carpenter from Nazareth and that is the family in which he was raised. The life of Jesus is found in the New Testament of the Bible. He was born in Bethlehem where Mary and Joseph had traveled to comply with the census law of that time. They then fled to Egypt to avoid the law set by King Herod that all first born sons were to be killed. Most of his childhood is unknown except for a mention in the book of Luke about (2:21-24) and (2:41-51). Jesus ministry began as a young man after his Baptism in the Jordan River. He and his twelve disciples traveled to the neighboring towns, teaching about God’s love and healing the sick and infirmed. He taught that no matter how bad someone had sinned, if his heart was sincere and he repented, God would forgive him. It was God’s grace that would save man rather that strict adherence to the law of that time. As Jesus popularity grew so did the realization that he was the Son of God. His ministry and popularity caused concern with the priests and scribes. They were afraid that he would turn the people away from them and their laws so they conspired to kill Jesus. With the help of one of His disciples, Judas Iscariot, Jesus was arrested, tried and put to death by crucifixion. According to the MSN Encarta encyclopedia, Mohammed’s life ran from about 570 to 632. He was born into a poor but respected family in Mecca and was orphaned by the time he was six years old. He was raised by his grandfather and then later by his uncle. He was a trader by profession and during one of his travels; he met and married Kahdija, a wealthy widow who was about 15 years older than himself. (2007, pg1) Mohammed was praying for guidance in a cave one day when he was visited by the archangel Gabriel. Gabriel proclaimed him a prophet of God. Mohammed slowly began to accept his mission as a prophet and began to speak publicly about his revelation. These speeches were written down and are now what we know has the Koran. The main teachings of Mohammed is that there is only one God, a last judgment and for social and economic justice. He also claimed that the Koran was the last revealed book and he himself was the last and final prophets and his teachings took the place of all earlier ones. His popularity and advocacy for social reform brought him power and leadership. It also brought enemies. This resulted in wars between Mecca and Medina. The people of Mecca finally submitted to Mohammed and were converted to Islam. Mohammed died suddenly and unexpectedly on June 8, 632 (MSN Encarta encyclopedia, 2007, pg.1). The death of Jesus was a fulfillment of His own prophecy. It is believed that only through His own death, those who believed in Him, could be saved and live eternally with God in Heaven. He was the ultimate sacrificial lamb who made everything right with God. The laws of the Old Testament were no longer needed and only the belief and faith in Jesus as the Christ is necessary. If it weren’t for the death and resurrection of Jesus, his life would not have had the impact on Christianity that it has today. The followers of Christ Jesus were committed to carrying out His work and spreading His message to the world even if it meant their own imprisonment or even death. Mohammed’s death had a similar result in the people wanting to continue to spread his message and teach the message of Islam. At first there was some confusion as to who should succeed him and carry out his leadership of the people. There couldn’t be another prophet since Mohammed had declared himself as the last, so a leader had to be chosen. The leadership of the Islamic religion also controls the political environment of the Islamic community. The early Muslims recognized neither distinction between religion and state, nor between religious and secular authorities and organizations. Many Muslims even prefer to call Islam a way of life rather than a religion. Indeed, a strictly theocratic conception of order, in which Islam is not merely a religion but a complete system ordained by God for the socio-political as well as the moral and spiritual governance of mankind, had been an integral part of Mohammeds message and practice. â€Å"While a history of Christianity will usually cover only matters relating to religion in a narrow sense, a history of Islam may discuss, for example, political developments, literary and artistic life, taxation and landholding, tribal and ethnic migrations, etc.† (MSN Encarta Encyclopedia, 2007, pg 1). Jesus is worshipped today as the Son of God and deliverer of the people of God. It is through Him that they are saved and forgiven for our sins. As people of God, they want to please Him and become children of God. They worship him through prayer, faith, and works. It is prayer in which the people of Islam also communicate to God. Their prayers also honor Mohammed in that they face Mecca, the holy city of Mohammed’s birth in supplication to God. Another way in which the people of Islam honor the father of their religion is with a pilgrimage to Mecca. This is the ritual to which the people make the visit to Mecca and perform a series of purification rituals and rites in honor of God. Christians continue to meet in prayer and worship for God. They send out missionaries to spread the message of Jesus to people who wouldn’t get to hear the word otherwise. They print books of the Bible to pass out for everyone to read in all languages. They build schools and churches in order to teach others how God wants us to live. The numbers of Muslims in the world has been spreading at an extraordinary rate. This is in part due to the population growth within the Muslim community as well as conversion of people as they learn more about the religion and its responsibilities. Both Jesus and Mohammed represent the same God, and they both started from poor, quiet, ordinary beginnings. They both speak about Gods love for His people. They both teach that their way is the truth. Their lives have brought millions of people together in the belief and faith in one true God. It is here where the similarities end and the differences begin. The ways to worship are decidedly different. Where Christians are redeemed through God’s grace and Jesus Christ, the Muslims adhere to laws and rites. References Prayway (1997). An introduction to Islam. Retrieved May 24, 2007 from , Global Prayer Community Web site: prayway.com/unreached/main/islam.html MSN Encarta Encyclopedia (2007). Islam. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from , Microsoft Web site: http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579171/Islam.html Research Papers on Comparing the Teachings of Jesus and MohammedComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Hip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaGenetic Engineering

Definition and Examples of Agrammatism

Definition and Examples of Agrammatism Definition Broadly defined, agrammatism is the pathological inability to use words in grammatical sequence. Agrammatism is associated with Brocas aphasia, and there are numerous theories regarding its cause. Adjective: agrammatic. According to Anna Basso and Robert Cubelli, The most evident characteristic of agrammatism is the omission of function words and affixes, at least in those languages that allow it; simplification of the grammatical structures and disproportionate difficulty in retrieval of verbs are also common (Handbook of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1999). At this time, says  Mary-Louise Kean, there are no closed issues or resolved  problems in the linguistic and psycholinguistic analysis of agrammatism . . .. The field of study, instead, is fraught with controversy (Agrammatism,  2013). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Assemblage ErrorDysfluency Hyperbaton and Inversion NeurolinguisticsSVO (Subject-Verb-Object)Word Salad Examples and Observations Agrammatism is  a disorder that leads to difficulties with sentences. These difficulties can relate both to the correct comprehension and the correct production of sentences. That these difficulties occur at the sentence level is evident from the fact that word comprehension and production can be relatively spared.(The MIT Encyclopedia of Communication Disorders, ed. by  Raymond D. Kent. The MIT Press, 2004)[Agrammatism is a]  symptom of aphasia in which the patient has trouble producing well-formed words and grammatical sentences, and trouble understanding sentences whose meanings depend on their syntax, such as The dog was tickled by the cat.(Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. HarperCollins, 1999) The Most Salient Feature of AgrammatismThe most salient feature of agrammatism  is the relative omission of grammatical morphemes in spontaneous production. Descriptions of the disorder have emphasized these omissions, pointing out that in its most severe form speech can consist of single words (primarily nouns) separated by pauses (e.g., Goodglass, 1976).  If it were the case that all agrammatic speech  consisted only of nouns bounded by pauses, it would not be difficult to provide a definition of the elements that are omitted. However, most agrammatic patients produce speech that consists of short sequences of words, characterized by the omission of some grammatical markers, giving the impression of syntactically impoverished utterances. The critical question is how the omission of these elements should best be characterized.(Alfonso Caramazza and Rita Sloan Berndt, A Multicomponent Deficit View of Agrammatic Brocas Aphasia. Agrammatism, ed. by  Mary-Louise Kean. Academic Press, 2013) Telegraphic SpeechThe English language has a relatively constrained canonical sentence order: subject, then verb, then object (SVO). Varying that order carries grammatical meaning (e.g., passive). Grammatically speaking, Standard American English (SAE) contains a sizable number of free-standing functor words (i.e., grammatical words) and limited inflections. Inflections generally mark tense and plurality in SAE, and, except for irregular forms, are added to the root word without altering the original word structure. Thus, in a sentence like, She is speaking, is is a free functor, whereas -ing is an inflection that marks present continuity.Agrammatism in English manifests itself primarily as the omission of, or substitution for, functors. Agrammatic speakers of English preserve word order, but omit free functors, like is, and inflections, like -ing, while retaining a telegraphic skeleton (She speak). The agrammatic speaker is thus able to produce a degree of connected speech but is m issing some required grammatical information.(OConnor, B., Anema, I., Datta, H., Singnorelli, and T., Obler, L. K., Agrammatism: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective, The ASHA Leader, 2005) Pronunciation: ah-GRAM-ah-tiz-em

One economics aspect of oil industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One economics aspect of oil industry - Essay Example The oil industry focuses on demand as a central point of production. As such, a given energy demands rely on the existing economic activity.Supply is a general aspect of the oil industry affected by weather and other geopolitical elements. Oil demand is a vital feature that largely affects the oil industry. Unreliable economic activities directly affect the demand for energy. As such, the oil demand decreases within a given duration. A decrease in oil demand results in a low number of investors within the industry. As such, the industry experiences rising cases of companies practicing monopoly. The ideology revolves around limiting consumers to regulate the supply chain. As such, the independent companies overcharge the government for using the organization’s oil reserves. Independent companies raise revenues through the monopoly policy affecting a country’s revenue or source of income(Spilsbury, Richard &Louise, 202). Countries that produce oil contribute largely to the changes in oil prices. These countries regulate supplies based on individual interest or political gains. As such, the world oil prices fluctuate to accommodate the given interest. Other countries such as the superpowers also engage in practices that undermine oil prices. The various changes within the economy depend directly on the oil prices. Inflation rates shape the oil industry with key participants who tend to control the industry. Powerful countries tend to enlarge shares within the oil producing countries through the oil companies. Decreasing oil fields affect the oil production percentage and eventual supply to the world. Different countries struggle to obtain stable supplies of the oil to meet the rising demands. As such, the world thrives on an unstable environment that reflects on the economy of various countries (Spilsbury, Richard & Louise, 171). Additionally, various organization emerge to regulate the

Contrast the three general approaches to setting prices Essay

Contrast the three general approaches to setting prices - Essay Example The demand for the product would be lesser when the price is kept high, but the revenues could be more because of the high selling price. (Bovay, 2008) There are many instances of new products following the market skimming strategy including Mercedes Benz, Sony High-definition television, Nokia N series cell phones and so on. All these products have one thing in common: they are all high quality products. Setting a high price for a new product could be disastrous for products that do not offer premium quality. As price gives a perception of quality to the consumers, setting a price too low for a high quality product just to make it more affordable, is also not a good strategy. It says to the consumers that the product is not of the premium quality they expected, and deteriorates the brand image of the company. Therefore, market skimming strategy is ideal for cases in which the product is innovative or does not have competition. Also, if the new product is of a strong brand, the company can use premium pricing because the consumers are less likely to switch to another product because of their loyalty with the brand. Apple Computers is an ideal example of such a case. Even though the company has several close competitors that offer the same products with the same specifications, it’s the perception of the brand that lets the company demand a higher price for its products. In contrast to the market skimming pricing, this strategy focuses on attracting a large number of buyers through setting a low price for the product. This pricing strategy is usually adopted when there are a number of sellers in the market and the company wants to penetrate into the market quickly. When the consumers see the low priced product that offers them the same product that other companies are offering, they are attracted towards the low priced one. In this way, the company is able to attract a large

Single Parent vs. Traditional Family Essay example -- Parenting, Famil

Which behalf is the best side, the single parent versus the traditional family? A traditional family is defined or described as two parents working together to solve anything that goes on in their house. The advantage of a traditional family is that they are going to have a more stable income that will buy them a reasonable house or an apartment. â€Å"The traditional families have two parents, the mom and the dad, jointly raising kids with help and advice from each other† (Magnier). An accustomed family also expresses their feelings towards one another and has respect among others in their home. A dysfunctional family is usually described as conflicted adults living on their own. Although a dysfunctional family may sound inadequate, it is quite reputable. â€Å" Single parenting is already becoming a rapidly growing trend in the society† (Magnier). Single parents are very common in the US. Statistics say that one out of every two children in the US will live in a single parent household at one point before they reach their adult age. â€Å"The situations of single parents vary greatly: it may be that you are divorced, widowed or never married† (all-about-motherhood.com/advantages). Being a single parent states that an individual is strong enough to carry the parts of two roles in a house. Single parents are a good influence on their children and any other individuals because they can take care of their financial problems, have greater control over their kids, and the children tend to have greater independence when living with a single parent. One problem every single parent has is their financial situation. Single parents usually have a difficult time in supporting their child in every way financially. Divorced parents usually hav... ...ent to be able to nurture up a child in the right way by being a single parent. If the parent can build a strong foundation for the child, then consider that parent to be special and blessed because single parenting is not a walk in the park. Works Cited Magnier, Jenny. â€Å"The Effects of Single Parenting on Children†. Ezine Articles. n.p. n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. McGrath, Victoria. â€Å"Causes and Effects of Single Parents†.Ehow.com. n.p. n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Moore, M.F.T., Shellee. â€Å"How to Be the Best Single Parent You Can.† California Divorce Online: Orange County Divorce: Do It Yourself. Divorce Wizards: Expert Sources, Guidance, Lower Costs, 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. â€Å" The Advantages of Single Parenting†. All- About- Motherhood. n.p. n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. â€Å" The Disadvantages of Single Parenting†. All- About- Motherhood. n.p. n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.

Institutional racism: it is real Essay

Power, wealth, and prestige. These are elements that humanity has been striving for since the age of man. Inherent in these objectives is struggle. Who shall be dominant? To whom shall the prevailing structure of society be based? In modern society the power, wealth and prestige has been the blanket that wraps Western European culture. Out of the hubris has emerged a backlash of outrage that many from different racial groups have expressed over the disproportionate number of power positions (CEOs, VPs, owners of football clubs, to owner’s of the local pub) that are Western European. This has become a standard or defined norm of rightness and often righteousness wherein all others are judged in relation to it. This norm is reinforced through institutional and economic power. It is the combination of these elements that makes complete power and control possible. Introduction Power, wealth, and prestige. These are elements that humanity has been striving for since the age of man. Inherent in these objectives is struggle. Who shall be dominant? To whom shall the prevailing structure of society be based? In modern society the power, wealth and prestige has been the blanket that wraps Western European culture. Out of the hubris has emerged a backlash of outrage that many from different racial groups have expressed over the disproportionate number of power positions (CEOs, VPs, owners of football clubs, to owner’s of the local pub) that are Western European. This has become a standard or defined norm of rightness and often righteousness wherein all others are judged in relation to it. This norm is reinforced through institutional and economic power. It is the combination of these elements that makes complete power and control possible. It is important to remember that an established norm does not necessarily represent a majority in terms of number; it represents those who have ability to exert power and control over others (Axelson, 1998). What is Institutional Racism? This type of power dominance is called institutional racism (IR). IR has its roots in racism which has many definitions: Racism: Attitudes, practices, and other factors that disadvantage people because of their race, color or ethnicity. Racism can be directed against any race, color or ethnicity. Some examples of racism are obvious, such as graffiti, intimidation or physical violence. Racial and ethnic slurs and â€Å"jokes† are other examples. Unfortunately, they are often ignored because people do not know how to deal with them. Other forms of racism are not obvious, such as discrimination in hiring and apartment rentals, or policies that disadvantage members of certain races, whether intentionally or not. Racism exists at three main levels: individual, institutional and cultural. (http://www. rose-hulman.edu/safezone/glossary. html) or Racism: The intentional or unintentional use of power to reinforce prejudice to isolate, separate, exploit and disadvantage other racial groups based on a belief in superior racial origin, identity or supposed racial characteristics. Racism is more than just a personal attitude; it is the systemic or institutional form of that attitude. Prejudice + Power = Racism. (http://www. lsuagcenter. com/en/administration/about_us/Human_Resources/Diversity_Center/dictionary/index. htm#R) or Racism: 1. An act of discrimination based on an ideology of racial superiority. 2. The institutionalization of collective prejudice resulting in a system of advantage based on one race having power over others. This subordination is supported by the actions of individuals, cultural norms and values, and the institutional structures and practices of society. (http://principles. ucdavis. edu/glossary. html#R) Institutional racism has just as many definitions: Institutional Racism – The conscious and/or unconscious belief in the superiority of the dominant racial group that manifests itself in the inclusion of other dominant racial group members and the exclusion of other racial group members. (http://www. lsuagcenter. com/en/administration/about_us/Human_Resources/Diversity_Center/dictionary/index. htm#I) or Institutional racism: The network of institutional structures policies, and practices that create advantages and benefits for Whites, and discrimination, oppression, and disadvantage for people from targeted racial groups. The advantages created for Whites are often invisible to them, or are considered â€Å"rights† available to everyone as opposed to â€Å"privileges† awarded to only some individuals and groups. (http://www. purchase. edu/Diversity/dictionary.aspx) or Institutional Racism: (Systemic Racism) Racism conveyed in practices, customs, rules and standards of organizations, including governments, that unnecessarily disadvantage people because of their race, color or ethnicity. They do not always involve differences in treatment. Educational requirements that are not related to actual job duties are an example. (http://www. rose-hulman. edu/safezone/glossary. html) Relevance of Institutional Racism The above definitions that define racism and institutional racism are varied in the context of their language. However, their ideas are inclusive, similar and are all correct depending on who uses that definition. A much more comprehensive definition of institutional racism would be: The intentional or unintentional use of power to reinforce prejudice to isolate, separate, exploit and disadvantage other racial groups based on a belief in superior racial origin, identity or supposed racial characteristics. conveyed in practices, customs, rules and standards of organizations, including governments, that unnecessarily disadvantages people because of their race, colour or ethnicity. They do not always involve differences in treatment. This subordination is supported by the actions of individuals, cultural norms and values, and the institutional structures and practices of society. Other forms of racism are not obvious, such as discrimination in hiring and apartment rentals, or policies that disadvantage members of certain races, whether intentionally or not. [name of student] The question that needs to be asked is, â€Å"Just how relevant in today’s modern society is institutionalized racism? † Look around and see who has key positions in the world’s various multinational companies. Take a look at sports teams and see who has ownership. Observe who is on the cover of the majority of magazines and look at who we follow as our cultural icons. Without the use of numerical and empirical studies and only utilizing the gift of sight it can be pronounced that the majority who has these positions are Western European. IR occurs when the structure of an organization, political system, or business allows racist attitudes to be integrated in its system. Such trends may occur within an institution without their intentional injection or inclusion within that institution. Examples of IR: people of colour under-represented and misrepresented on television, racially biased standardized tests used to determine who will be admitted to higher education programmes and institutions, reliance on low-paying immigrant labour by farms and factories. A branch of IR called â€Å"the glass ceiling† is one of the most pervasive forms of institutional racism (Massingale). The glass ceiling refers to the general tendency for the existence of an upper limit in the high ranks of corporations, above which it is rare for a minority to appear. The Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, an American produced report states that only 29 percent of the nation’s work force is made up of white males, while those individuals hold 95 percent of corporate senior management positions (Massingale). One extremely controversial example of institutional racism is racial profiling. This involves creating a portfolio and list of criteria that is used by law enforcement to identify perpetrators.

Rhetorical Questions for English Learners

Rhetorical questions can be defined as questions that are not really meant to be answered. Rather, rhetorical questions are asked in order to make a point about a situation or to point out something for consideration. This is a very different usage than yes/no questions or information questions. Lets quickly review these two basic types before moving on to rhetorical questions. Yes/No questions are used to quickly get an answer to a simple question.  They are usually answered with the short response using only the auxiliary verb. For example: Would you like to come with us tonight?Yes, I would. Did you understand the question?No, I didnt. Are they watching TV at the moment?Yes, they are. Information questions are asked using the following question words: WhereWhatWhen / What timeWhichWhyHow many / much / often / far / etc. Information questions are answered in full sentences. For example: Where do you live?I live in Portland, Oregon. What time does the movie start?The movie starts at 7:30. How far is it to the next gas station?The next gas station is in 20 miles. Rhetorical Questions for the Big Questions in Life Rhetorical questions pose a question that is intended to make people think. For example, a conversation might begin with: What do you want to do in life? Thats a question we all need to answer, but its not easy... How much time does it take to become successful? Thats an easy question. It takes a lot of time! Lets take a look at what success requires so that we can get a better understanding.   Where do you want to be in 15 years? Thats a question that everyone should take seriously no matter how old they are. Rhetorical Questions to Draw Attention Rhetorical questions are also used to point to something important and often have an implied meaning. In other words, the person who poses the question is not looking for an answer ​but wants to make a statement. Here are some examples: Do you know what time it is? - MEANING: Its late.Who is my favorite person in the world? - MEANING: You are my favorite person.Wheres my homework? - MEANING: I expected you to turn in the homework today.What does it matter? - MEANING: It doesnt matter. Rhetorical Questions to Point Out a Bad Situation Rhetorical questions are also often used to complain about a bad situation. Once again, the actual meaning of the quite different than the rhetorical question. Here are some examples: What can she do about that teacher? - MEANING: She cant do anything. Unfortunately, the teacher isnt very helpful.Where am I going to find help this late in the day? - MEANING: Im not going to find help this late in the day.Do you think Im rich? - MEANING: Im not rich, dont ask me for money. Rhetorical Questions to Express a Bad Mood Rhetorical questions are often used to express a bad mood, even depression. For example: Why should I try to get that job? - MEANING: Ill never get that job!Whats the point in trying? - MEANING: Im depressed and I dont want to make an effort.Where did I go wrong? - MEANING: I dont understand why Im having so many difficulties lately. Negative Yes/No Rhetorical Questions to Point to a Positive Negative rhetorical questions are used to suggest that a situation is actually positive. Here are some examples: Havent you had enough awards this year? - MEANING: Youve won a lot of awards. Congratulations!Didnt I help you on your last exam?  - MEANING: I helped you on your last exam.Wont he be excited to see you? - MEANING: He will be very excited to see you. Hopefully this short guide to rhetorical questions has answered any questions you may have on how and why we use them. There are other types such as question tags to confirm information and indirect questions to be more polite.